P0022 A camshaft position - timing over retarded (Bank 2)

Introduction

The diagnostic trouble code (DTC) P0022 signals a problem with the camshaft timing on Bank 2 of your engine. Specifically, it indicates that the camshaft is more retarded (delayed) than the engine control module (ECM) expects. This deviation from the intended camshaft position can negatively impact engine performance, fuel efficiency, and potentially lead to more serious engine damage if left unaddressed. Understanding the causes and symptoms of P0022 is crucial for proper diagnosis and repair.

Comprehensive Table

Detailed Explanations

P0022 Definition: This code specifically indicates that the camshaft timing on Bank 2 is more retarded than the ECM expects. This means the camshaft is rotating slower relative to the crankshaft than it should be.

Location of Issue: Bank 2 refers to the side of the engine not containing cylinder #1. Identifying Bank 2 correctly is crucial for accurate diagnosis and repair. Consult your vehicle's repair manual for the specific cylinder numbering and bank identification for your engine.

System Affected: The Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system is responsible for adjusting the timing of the intake and exhaust valves. This system optimizes engine performance and fuel efficiency across a range of engine speeds and loads. P0022 indicates a malfunction within the VVT system on Bank 2.

Common Symptoms: The most common symptom is the illumination of the Check Engine Light (CEL). Other symptoms include rough idling, reduced engine power, poor fuel economy, engine stalling, difficulty starting, and unusual engine noises like knocking or rattling.

Low Engine Oil Level: Insufficient oil in the engine can reduce oil pressure, hindering the VVT system's ability to function correctly. The VVT system relies on oil pressure to actuate the camshaft phasers.

Dirty or Contaminated Engine Oil: Contaminated oil can clog the VVT solenoid and other components, preventing them from operating properly. Sludge and debris in the oil can restrict oil flow and reduce oil pressure.

Incorrect Engine Oil Viscosity: Using the wrong viscosity oil can affect oil pressure and the VVT system's ability to function. The VVT system is designed to operate with a specific oil viscosity.

Insufficient Oil Pressure: Low oil pressure can prevent the VVT system from properly adjusting the camshaft timing. This can be caused by a failing oil pump, worn engine bearings, or other oil-related issues.

Faulty VVT Solenoid (Bank 2): The VVT solenoid controls the flow of oil to the camshaft phaser. A faulty solenoid can prevent the phaser from moving to the correct position.

VVT Solenoid Stuck Open or Closed: A stuck solenoid can cause the camshaft timing to be permanently advanced or retarded, leading to performance issues and the P0022 code.

Wiring Issues to the VVT Solenoid (Bank 2): Damaged or corroded wiring can prevent the solenoid from receiving the correct signals from the ECM. This can lead to intermittent or permanent VVT malfunctions.

Clogged VVT Solenoid Filter Screen: A small filter screen protects the VVT solenoid from debris. If this screen becomes clogged, it can restrict oil flow and prevent the solenoid from operating correctly.

Worn or Damaged Camshaft Phaser (Bank 2): The camshaft phaser is a mechanical device that adjusts the camshaft timing. Wear or damage to the phaser can prevent it from locking into the correct position.

Camshaft Phaser Not Locking Properly: The phaser needs to lock in specific positions to maintain correct timing. If it fails to lock, the timing can fluctuate, triggering the P0022 code.

Internal Damage to the Camshaft Phaser: Internal components of the phaser can wear out or break, leading to timing issues. This often requires replacing the phaser.

Faulty Camshaft Position Sensor (Bank 2): The camshaft position sensor provides the ECM with information about the camshaft's position. A faulty sensor can send inaccurate data, leading to incorrect VVT adjustments.

Faulty Crankshaft Position Sensor: The crankshaft position sensor provides the ECM with information about the crankshaft's position. A faulty sensor can disrupt the synchronization between the crankshaft and camshaft, leading to timing issues.

Wiring Issues to Either Sensor: Damaged or corroded wiring to either the camshaft or crankshaft position sensor can disrupt the signal and cause timing problems.

Stretched or Worn Timing Chain/Belt: A stretched or worn timing chain/belt can cause the camshaft timing to be inaccurate. This is a common issue in older vehicles with high mileage.

Incorrect Timing Chain/Belt Installation: If the timing chain/belt was not installed correctly, the camshaft timing will be off, triggering the P0022 code. This often happens after engine repairs.

Damaged Timing Chain Tensioner: The timing chain tensioner maintains the correct tension on the timing chain. A damaged tensioner can allow the chain to slacken, leading to timing inaccuracies.

Worn Camshaft Lobes: Worn camshaft lobes can affect valve timing and performance. This is a less common cause but should be considered in high-mileage engines.

Damaged Valve Train Components (e.g., valve lifters, rocker arms): Damage to valve train components can affect valve timing and lead to various engine performance issues, including the P0022 code.

Internal Engine Damage: Significant internal engine damage can affect camshaft timing and trigger the P0022 code. This is a more serious issue that requires extensive repairs.

Faulty ECM: While rare, a faulty ECM can incorrectly interpret sensor data or send incorrect signals to the VVT solenoid. This is usually diagnosed after ruling out other potential causes.

Initial Inspection: Begin by checking the engine oil level and condition. Inspect the VVT solenoid wiring and connectors on Bank 2 for any signs of damage or corrosion. Visually inspect the timing chain/belt for wear or damage.

Scan Tool Diagnostics: Use a scan tool to retrieve and clear DTCs. Monitor the VVT solenoid operation using scan tool data. Check the camshaft and crankshaft sensor readings for any inconsistencies.

Component Testing: Test the VVT solenoid resistance and operation. Test the camshaft and crankshaft position sensors to ensure they are functioning correctly.

Oil Pressure Testing: Perform an oil pressure test to verify adequate oil pressure. This is crucial for diagnosing oil-related issues that can affect the VVT system.

Related DTCs: Be aware of related DTCs that can provide additional clues about the problem. These include codes related to Bank 1 VVT issues, camshaft position sensor malfunctions, and other timing-related problems.

Severity Level: The P0022 code is considered moderate to high severity. Ignoring this code can lead to significant engine damage over time.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does P0022 mean? P0022 indicates that the camshaft timing on Bank 2 is more retarded (delayed) than the engine control module (ECM) expects. This can negatively affect engine performance and fuel economy.

What are the common symptoms of P0022? Common symptoms include a check engine light, rough idling, reduced engine power, and poor fuel economy. You might also experience engine stalling or difficulty starting.

Can low oil cause a P0022 code? Yes, low or dirty oil can reduce oil pressure, which is crucial for the VVT system to function correctly. This can lead to the P0022 code.

How do I fix a P0022 code? Fixing P0022 involves diagnosing the root cause, which could be a faulty VVT solenoid, low oil pressure, a stretched timing chain, or other issues. Consult a qualified mechanic for proper diagnosis and repair.

Is it safe to drive with a P0022 code? It's generally not recommended to drive with a P0022 code, as it can lead to further engine damage. Get it checked by a mechanic as soon as possible.

Conclusion

The P0022 diagnostic trouble code signals a critical issue with the camshaft timing on Bank 2. Proper diagnosis, starting with basic checks and progressing to more complex component testing, is essential for identifying the root cause and implementing the necessary repairs. Addressing this issue promptly will help prevent further engine damage and restore optimal performance.